Discovering Prison Island Zanzibar: A Comprehensive Visitor’s Guide

An Island of History and Nature

Nestled off the coast of Stone Town, Prison Island Zanzibar is a captivating destination that blends history, nature, and breathtaking scenery. Known locally as Changuu Island, it has evolved from its somber beginnings to become one of Zanzibar's most popular attractions. For visitors, this island offers a unique glimpse into the region's rich heritage while boasting vibrant ecosystems and crystal-clear waters.

The prison, initially built as a detention site for rebellious slaves, was later repurposed as a quarantine station during yellow fever outbreaks. Today, the island is best known for its giant tortoises descendants of a gift from Seychelles over a century ago. These gentle giants, some over 150 years old, are a highlight for tourists, adding a layer of ecological importance to this historical gem.

History of Prison Island

A Legacy of Rebellion and Control
Prison Island, officially named Changuu Island, derives its title from its dark beginnings in the 19th century. Initially used by Arab slave traders, the island served as a holding ground for rebellious slaves before they were transported or sold. Later, in the 1890s, the British colonial government constructed the prison buildings, intending to detain violent prisoners from Zanzibar and East Africa. Ironically, the prison never fulfilled its original purpose, leaving behind structures that stand as a reminder of the island’s turbulent past.

From Prison to Quarantine
The island’s role shifted dramatically when it was converted into a quarantine station. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fears of outbreaks like the bubonic plague prompted the British authorities to use Prison Island as an isolation facility. Here, individuals suspected of carrying infectious diseases were kept under observation to prevent epidemics on the mainland. The remnants of these facilities still echo the island's vital role in safeguarding public health during a critical era.

A Hub in Zanzibar’s Historical Trade Network
Prison Island's proximity to Stone Town and its location along Zanzibar’s historic trade routes made it strategically significant. Stone Town, the heart of Zanzibar’s trade in spices and slaves, was closely tied to East Africa's bustling commerce. The island also became a symbol of British efforts to reform the slave trade, as governors like Sir Lloyd Mathews sought to enforce abolitionist policies. Today, this blend of historical events offers visitors a vivid glimpse into the interconnected histories of Zanzibar and the wider East African coast.

The Tortoise Sanctuary

Meet the Giant Aldabra Tortoises

One of the most iconic features of Prison Island Zanzibar is its population of giant Aldabra tortoises. Originally gifted to Zanzibar by the Seychelles in the late 19th century, these amazing creatures have become the island's main attraction. These tortoises are among the largest in the world, with some weighing over 200 kilograms. The sanctuary is home to dozens of individuals, including the oldest resident, estimated to be over 150 years old.

Lifespan, Origins, and Conservation
Native to the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles, these tortoises were introduced to Prison Island as part of early conservation efforts. Their remarkable lifespan—often exceeding 150 years—highlights their resilience and evolutionary significance. However, their global population has been threatened by habitat loss and illegal trade. The sanctuary on Prison Island plays a crucial role in preserving these gentle giants, offering them a protected environment to thrive while raising awareness about their ecological importance.

An Interactive Experience

For visitors, the tortoise sanctuary is an unforgettable highlight of any trip to Prison Island. Guests can explore the enclosure, observing the tortoises up close as they roam, graze, and rest. Interaction is encouraged—visitors are allowed to feed these majestic animals and even touch their shells under supervision, ensuring a safe and ethical experience for both humans and tortoises.

A Symbol of Conservation
Beyond their sheer size and age, the Aldabra tortoises symbolize Zanzibar’s commitment to wildlife conservation. The sanctuary is a living testament to the importance of protecting vulnerable species while educating visitors about the need for sustainable practices. For animal lovers and history enthusiasts alike, the tortoise sanctuary offers a unique blend of nature and heritage.

Exploring the Island

Activities to Immerse Yourself In
Prison Island offers a variety of activities that allow visitors to fully experience its charm.

The island's pristine beaches invite guests to swim in the crystal-clear waters of the Indian Ocean, perfect for a refreshing dip or snorkeling adventure. Walking tours are another popular option, taking visitors through scenic trails lined with lush greenery and offering panoramic views of the ocean. These leisurely walks reveal the island's natural beauty while providing fascinating insights into its history.

A Step Back in Time

One of the key attractions on the island is the former prison buildings, constructed from coral stone in the late 19th century. These structures stand as a haunting reminder of the island’s intended purpose and its transformation over time. Visitors can explore these well-preserved ruins, marveling at the architectural style while learning about the stories of rebellion, quarantine, and change that shaped the island’s legacy.

Breathtaking Ocean Views
Prison Island is surrounded by the mesmerizing expanse of the Indian Ocean, offering visitors unforgettable vistas. The turquoise waters, contrasted by the bright white sands and the island’s vibrant greenery, create a postcard-perfect scene. Whether you're lounging on the beach, walking along the shoreline, or gazing out to the horizon, the scenery encapsulates the tranquil beauty of this small island paradise.

How to Reach Prison Island

A Scenic Boat Ride from Stone Town
Getting to Prison Island Zanzibar is both simple and enjoyable. The island is just a short boat ride away from Stone Town, making it a convenient half-day or full-day excursion. Boats depart regularly from the Stone Town waterfront, and the trip typically takes around 20–30 minutes, depending on the weather and sea conditions. The ride itself is a scenic experience, offering stunning views of the turquoise waters and the surrounding archipelago.

Guided Tours for a Richer Experience

For a more immersive visit, many visitors opt for a Prison Island tour with a local guide. These guided tours often include transportation, historical insights, and tips for exploring the island’s highlights, such as the tortoise sanctuary and the old prison buildings. Local guides not only provide context for the island’s history but also help visitors make the most of their time on this fascinating slice of Zanzibar. Tours can be arranged through hotels, tour companies, or directly at the Stone Town port.

Tips for Visitors

What to Wear and Bring
To make the most of your visit to Prison Island Zanzibar, it’s important to dress appropriately and come prepared for outdoor activities. Since the island is best explored on foot, wear comfortable shoes for walking and lightweight clothing that will keep you cool. If you plan on enjoying swimming in the clear waters, don’t forget to bring swimwear, a towel, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the tropical sun. It’s also a good idea to bring a hat and sunglasses to stay shaded, especially during midday heat.

The Importance of Local Guides
For those seeking a deeper understanding of the island’s fascinating past and natural wonders, hiring a local guide is highly recommended. A knowledgeable guide can enrich your experience by sharing insights into the history of the prison buildings, the role of the island during Zanzibar’s colonial era, and the conservation efforts protecting the giant Aldabra tortoises. Their expertise helps bring the island's stories to life, making your visit even more rewarding.

Eco-Friendly and Respectful Behavior
While exploring, it’s crucial to practice eco-friendly and respectful behavior. The tortoises, often the star attraction, are amazing creatures that must be treated with care. Avoid disturbing them, and follow all instructions from your guide to ensure their safety and well-being. Additionally, visitors should refrain from littering, stay on designated paths, and respect the island’s fragile ecosystem to help preserve it for future generations.

Nearby Attractions

Stone Town Exploration
While visiting Prison Island Zanzibar, make sure to take time to explore the historic heart of the island—Stone Town. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is known for its winding streets, intricate doors, and vibrant markets, all steeped in history. A visit to the slave market, one of the darkest chapters in Zanzibar’s past, is an essential experience for those interested in learning about the island’s role in the transatlantic slave trade. Stone Town is also home to significant British colonial architecture, such as the old British consulate and the House of Wonders, which offers a deeper understanding of Zanzibar’s complex past.

Spice Farms and Tours
Zanzibar is renowned for its spice farms, which offer a sensory experience like no other. A guided tour through one of the many spice plantations reveals the island’s rich agricultural heritage. Here, you can see, smell, and taste a wide range of spices, including cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg, which are key components of Zanzibar’s economy. A visit to a spice farm is an immersive way to discover the island’s flavor-rich history and learn about the cultivation of spices that have been traded for centuries.

Beaches and National Parks

Beyond the cultural and historical experiences, Zanzibar is famous for its beautiful beaches. The coast offers stunning white sand and crystal-clear waters, perfect for swimming, snorkeling, or simply relaxing under the sun. For those interested in wildlife, a visit to the nearby national parks like Jozani Forest, home to the endangered red colobus monkeys, is highly recommended. These parks provide a chance to explore Zanzibar’s diverse ecosystems, from tropical forests to coastal mangroves, offering a balance of adventure and natural beauty.

FAQs About Prison Island Zanzibar

Why is it called Prison Island?
Prison Island Zanzibar earned its name due to its history as a holding place for rebellious slaves in the 19th century, when it was under control by Arab slave traders. Though initially intended as a prison for rebellious or troublesome individuals, it never truly functioned as a place of long-term incarceration. Instead, the island's role evolved over time, eventually becoming a quarantine station during the bubonic plague outbreaks in the late 1800s. The name “Prison Island” endures as a reminder of its dark and complex history.

Is it worth visiting?
A visit to Prison Island is definitely worth it for those interested in history, wildlife, and natural beauty. The trip to the island is relatively short—taking only about 20–30 minutes by boat from Stone Town—making it a great option for a half-day excursion. Visitors can explore the former prison buildings, encounter the giant Aldabra tortoises, and enjoy the island's peaceful, scenic beaches. It offers a unique combination of historical significance and stunning landscapes, making it a memorable experience for all types of travelers.

Can you swim there?
Yes, you can swim in the clear, inviting waters around Prison Island. The island is home to some beautiful beaches, perfect for a refreshing swim or relaxing by the shore. Visitors can enjoy snorkeling as well, taking in the vibrant marine life in the Indian Ocean. The beaches offer a peaceful atmosphere, making it an ideal spot to unwind after exploring the island’s attractions.

Conclusion

A visit to Prison Island is one of the most unique and fascinating experiences you can have in Zanzibar. Located in the Zanzibar archipelago, this uninhabited island, also known as Changuu Island, is rich in history and natural beauty. It’s the only place in East Africa where you can encounter the giant tortoises, including the Aldabra giant tortoises, which have become one of the island's major attractions. A trip to Prison Island offers not only a glimpse into its past as a quarantine island and prison complex but also the chance to enjoy its pristine beach and lush environment.

The old prison, built under the orders of a British governor, still stands as a reminder of the island’s colonial past. The quarantine buildings and prison island’s history are important elements to explore during the half-day tour. The giant tortoises, with an average weight of over 200 kg, are a must-see. They roam freely on the island, with even the young ones captivating visitors. The trip takes you to areas where you can spot fish and turtles in the surrounding waters.

If you visit Zanzibar, this trip to Prison Island will be one of the most memorable. Whether you’re staying at a hotel in Zanzibar or taking a day trip, this experience offers a blend of history, wildlife, and stunning landscapes.